Montana is a land of rugged mountains, pristine forests, and rolling grasslands, and it is home to a wide variety of unique and fascinating wildlife. From majestic elk and bighorn sheep to elusive wolverines and grizzly bears, the animals that call Montana home are as diverse and impressive as the landscape itself. Whether you're wandering through a dense forest or exploring a remote mountain valley, you're sure to come across some of the state's most iconic and beloved creatures. So pack your binoculars, lace up your hiking boots, and get ready to discover some of the most incredible animals that call Montana home!
Elk
The Elk (Cervus canadensis) is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are also known as wapiti, which is a Shawnee word meaning "white rump." Elk are members of the deer family and are closely related to the mule deer and white-tailed deer.
In Montana, Elk can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They are known to be highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Elk are herbivores, and they feed on a variety of plants, including grasses, forbs, and shrubs.
Elk are known for their distinctive bugling calls, which they use to communicate with other members of their herd during breeding season. Elk are also known for their large antlers, which are used for territorial displays and for fighting during the breeding season.
Elk are an important game animal in Montana and are hunted for sport. Elk hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of elk in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of elk is maintained. Elk hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required.
Mule Deer
The Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a medium-sized mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their large ears, which resemble those of a mule, hence the name "mule deer." They are members of the deer family and are closely related to the elk and white-tailed deer.
In Montana, Mule deer can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They are known to be highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Mule deer are herbivores, and they feed on a variety of plants, including grasses, forbs, and shrubs.
Mule deer are known for their distinctive white tail, which they raise when running or when they sense danger. During the breeding season, male mule deer will engage in fierce battles over access to females, using their antlers to fight.
Mule deer are an important game animal in Montana and are hunted for sport. Mule deer hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of mule deer in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of mule deer is maintained. Mule deer hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required.
Bighorn Sheep
The Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their large horns, which can weigh up to 30 pounds and can measure up to 5 feet in length. Bighorn Sheep are members of the sheep family and are closely related to domestic sheep.
In Montana, Bighorn Sheep can be found in a variety of habitats, including rocky mountains and steep cliffs. They are known to be highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Bighorn Sheep are herbivores, and they feed on a variety of plants, including grasses, forbs, and shrubs.
Bighorn Sheep are known for their agility and endurance, which allows them to navigate steep and rocky terrain with ease. Bighorn Sheep also have excellent eyesight, which helps them to spot predators from a distance. During the breeding season, male Bighorn Sheep will engage in fierce battles over access to females, using their horns to fight.
Bighorn Sheep are an important game animal in Montana and are hunted for sport. Bighorn Sheep hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of Bighorn Sheep in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of Bighorn Sheep is maintained. Bighorn Sheep hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required.
Mountain Goat
The Mountain Goat (Oreamnos americanus) is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their white, shaggy coat, which helps them blend in with the snowy mountain terrain where they live. Mountain Goats are members of the goat family and are closely related to domestic goats.
In Montana, Mountain Goats can be found in a variety of habitats, including rocky mountains and steep cliffs. They are known to be highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Mountain Goats are herbivores, and they feed on a variety of plants, including grasses, forbs, and shrubs.
Mountain Goats are known for their excellent climbing abilities, which allows them to navigate steep and rocky terrain with ease. They also have cloven hooves that have rubbery pads, which give them excellent grip on smooth rocks. Mountain Goats are also known for their endurance, which enables them to travel long distances in search of food.
Mountain Goats are an important game animal in Montana and are hunted for sport. Mountain Goats hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of Mountain Goats in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of Mountain Goats is maintained. Mountain Goats hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required.
Black Bear
The Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their black fur, which can range from a light brown to a dark chocolate color, and they are one of the most common bear species in North America.
In Montana, Black Bears can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They are known to be highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Black bears are omnivores, and they feed on a variety of plants, berries, fruits, insects, fish and small mammals.
Black bears are known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate food. They are also known for their powerful body and sharp claws, which they use to forage for food and defend themselves from predators. Black bears are also known for their intelligence, which allows them to solve problems and adapt to different environments.
Black bears are an important game animal in Montana and are hunted for sport. Black bear hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of black bears in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of black bears is maintained. Black bear hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required.
Bison
The American Bison (Bison bison), also commonly known as the buffalo, is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their massive size, with males weighing up to 2,000 pounds and standing up to 6 feet tall at the shoulder. They have a shaggy brown fur, a large head and a hump on the shoulders.
In Montana, bison can be found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, and mountainous regions. They were once widespread across North America, but due to hunting and habitat destruction, their numbers greatly decreased. Now, they are protected and managed by different organizations and agencies such as the National Park Service, and private ranches.
Bison are herbivores and they feed on a variety of grasses, forbs, and shrubs. They are known for their hardiness and ability to survive in harsh environments. They are also known for their distinctive behavior such as wallowing in the dirt, which helps to protect their skin from insects and parasites.
Bison are an important cultural and historical symbol for many Native American tribes and played a significant role in the lives of many other indigenous peoples of the Great Plains. They are also an important game animal in Montana and are hunted for sport. Bison hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of bison in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of bison is maintained. Bison hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required.
Grizzly Bear
The Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is a subspecies of the Brown Bear that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their shaggy brown fur, which can range from a light blonde to a dark brown, and their characteristic hump on the shoulders. They are also known for their powerful body, sharp claws, and excellent sense of smell.
In Montana, Grizzly bears can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They are known to be highly adaptable and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Grizzly bears are omnivores, and they feed on a variety of plants, berries, fruits, insects, fish, and small mammals.
Grizzly bears are known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate food. They are also known for their powerful body and sharp claws, which they use to forage for food and defend themselves from predators. Grizzly bears are also known for their intelligence, which allows them to solve problems and adapt to different environments.
Grizzly bears are protected under the Endangered Species Act in the lower 48 states, and hunting them is not allowed. However, in Montana, the population of grizzly bears is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of grizzly bears is maintained. Bear hunting is regulated by the state and hunting licenses are required. Due to their protected status, hunting grizzly bears is allowed only in certain areas, and under certain conditions.
Wolf
The Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their gray fur, powerful body, sharp teeth, and excellent sense of smell. They are apex predators, and play an important role in controlling the population of other animals in their ecosystem.
In Montana, gray wolves can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They were once widespread across North America, but due to hunting and habitat destruction, their numbers greatly decreased. Now, they are protected and managed by different organizations and agencies such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Gray wolves are known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate prey. They are also known for their powerful body and sharp teeth, which they use to hunt and defend themselves from predators. Gray wolves are also known for their intelligence, which allows them to solve problems and adapt to different environments.
Gray wolves are protected under the Endangered Species Act in the lower 48 states, and hunting them is not allowed. However, in Montana, the population of gray wolves is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of gray wolves is maintained. Wolf hunting is regulated by the state and hunting licenses are required. Due to their protected status, hunting gray wolves is allowed only in certain areas, and under certain conditions.
Pronghorn
The Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) also known as pronghorn antelope, is a mammal native to western North America, including Montana. They are known for their distinctive horns, which are not true horns but instead are made of a bony core covered in keratin. They have a reddish-brown to tan coloration and a white belly and rump patch. They have a slender body, long legs, and can run at high speeds of up to 55 mph.
In Montana, Pronghorn can be found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, sagebrush, and desert-like regions. They are known for their adaptability and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Pronghorn are herbivores, and they feed on a variety of grasses, forbs, and shrubs.
Pronghorn are known for their speed and endurance which they use to evade predators. They have keen eyesight and can spot predators from a distance. They are also known for their unique reproductive behavior, where the males will fight for dominance and mating rights with females.
Pronghorn are an important game animal in Montana and are hunted for sport. Pronghorn hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of pronghorn in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of pronghorn is maintained. Pronghorn hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required.
Moose
The Moose (Alces alces) is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their massive size, with males weighing up to 1,800 pounds and standing up to 6.5 feet tall at the shoulder. They have a dark brown fur, a large head and a hump on the shoulders, and a distinctively large set of antlers.
In Montana, moose can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, and mountainous regions. They are known for their hardiness and ability to survive in harsh environments. They are herbivores and they feed on a variety of plants, such as willows, birches, and other aquatic plants. Moose are known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate food. They are also known for their powerful body and sharp hooves, which they use to forage for food and defend themselves from predators.
Moose hunting is a popular activity in Montana. Moose hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The population of moose in Montana is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and the hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of moose is maintained. Moose hunting is regulated by the state, and hunting licenses are required. Due to their popularity as a hunting game and their large size, hunting regulations are set to ensure that moose population remains healthy and sustainable.
Mountain Lion
The Mountain Lion (Puma concolor), also known as a cougar, panther, or puma, is a large feline that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their tawny-colored fur, powerful body, sharp claws, and excellent sense of smell. They are apex predators, and play an important role in controlling the population of other animals in their ecosystem.
In Montana, Mountain Lions can be found in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They are known for their adaptability and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Mountain lions are carnivores, and they feed on a variety of animals such as deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and other small mammals.
Mountain lions are known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate prey. They are also known for their powerful body and sharp claws, which they use to hunt and defend themselves from predators. Mountain lions are also known for their intelligence, which allows them to solve problems and adapt to different environments.
Mountain lions are managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of mountain lions is maintained. Mountain lion hunting is regulated by the state and hunting licenses are required. Due to their protected status, hunting mountain lions is allowed only in certain areas, and under certain conditions. It is important to note that mountain lions are elusive animals and human interactions with them are rare.
Wolverine
The Wolverine (Gulo gulo) is a large mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their stocky build, dark brown fur, and bushy tail. Wolverines are also known for their strength, endurance and their ability to survive in harsh environments. They are opportunistic predators, and will eat a variety of prey, including small mammals, birds, fish, and carrion.
In Montana, Wolverines can be found in a variety of habitats, including mountainous regions, and the northern boreal forests. They are known for their elusive nature and are considered to be rare in Montana, with a small and declining population. Wolverines are also known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate food, and their powerful body and sharp claws, which they use to hunt and defend themselves from predators.
Wolverines are managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of Wolverines is maintained. Wolverines are protected under the Endangered Species Act, and hunting them is not allowed. However, in Montana, the population of Wolverines is managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and hunting regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of Wolverines is maintained.
Beaver
The Beaver (Castor canadensis) is a large rodent that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their flat, broad tail, webbed hind feet, and thick, dark brown fur. Beavers are also known for their ability to build dams and lodges, which they use to control water levels and create a safe and secure habitat.
In Montana, Beavers can be found in a variety of habitats, including freshwater streams, rivers, and ponds. They are known for their ability to adapt to different environments, and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Beavers are herbivores, and they feed on a variety of plants, such as willows, birches, and other aquatic plants.
Beavers are known for their ability to build dams and lodges, which they use to control water levels and create a safe and secure habitat. They are also known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate food and their powerful front teeth, which they use to cut down trees and other vegetation. Beavers are also known for their ability to work together, and they will often build their dams and lodges as a group.
Marten
The Marten (Martes americana) is a small mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their slender body, long tail, and soft, dense fur that can be yellowish-brown or dark brown in color.
Martens are also known for their agility, excellent sense of smell and for being active both day and night. They are opportunistic predators, and will eat a variety of prey, including small mammals, birds, fish, and insects.
In Montana, Martens can be found in a variety of habitats, including coniferous forests, and mountainous regions. They are known for their adaptability and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Martens are known for their excellent sense of smell, which they use to locate food and their agility which allows them to climb trees and move around easily in their forested habitat.
Otter
The North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) is a semi-aquatic mammal that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their sleek body, dense fur, webbed feet, and playful behavior. River otters are excellent swimmers and divers, and they use their webbed feet and strong tails to navigate through water. They are opportunistic predators, and will eat a variety of prey, including fish, crustaceans, and mollusks.
In Montana, North American River Otters can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, and lakes. They are known for their adaptability and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. River otters are known for their excellent sense of smell and hearing which they use to locate prey and for their playful behavior, which often includes chasing and sliding on their bellies.
Muskrat
The Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a semi-aquatic rodent that is native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. They are known for their stocky body, dense fur, webbed hind feet, and long, scaly tail. Muskrats are excellent swimmers and divers, and they use their webbed feet and strong tails to navigate through water. They are herbivores, and they feed on a variety of aquatic plants such as cattails, bulrushes, and water lilies.
In Montana, muskrats can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, and marshes. They are known for their ability to adapt to different environments, and can thrive in a wide range of temperatures and elevations. Muskrats are known for their excellent sense of smell and hearing which they use to locate food and for their burrowing behavior, which often includes building dens in the banks of streams and rivers.
Trout
Trout is a common name for a variety of species of freshwater fish that are found in North America, including Montana. Some of the species of trout that are native to Montana include:
Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii): a species of trout that is native to the western United States and Canada, including Montana. They are known for their distinctive red-orange slash under the jaw and they are an important game fish. Cutthroat trout can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, and lakes.
Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a species of trout that is native to the western United States and Canada, including Montana. They are known for their vibrant colors and are one of the most popular game fish. Rainbow trout can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, and lakes.
Brown Trout (Salmo trutta): a species of trout that is not native to North America but has been introduced in many locations, including Montana. Brown trout are known for their dark brown color and they are popular among anglers. Brown trout can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, and lakes.
Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): a species of trout that is native to eastern North America, including Montana. They are known for their distinctive spots and bright colors and they are popular among anglers. Brook trout can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, and lakes.
All of these trout species are managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and fishing regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of trout is maintained. These regulations include fishing season, limits, and gear restrictions. Trout are also an important part of the ecosystem, providing food for many animals such as bears, eagles,
Fox
The Fox is a small mammal that belongs to the Canidae family, native to North America, including Montana. There are several species of foxes that are found in Montana, including the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus).
Red Foxes are known for their red or orange fur and white underbelly. They have a long bushy tail with a white tip, and are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and grasslands. They are omnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of small mammals such as rodents, rabbits, and birds, as well as fruits and berries.
Gray Foxes are known for their gray fur and black-tipped tail. They are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and deserts. They are omnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of small mammals such as rodents, rabbits, and birds, as well as fruits and berries.
Both species of Foxes are not considered a threatened or endangered species in Montana, and their population is considered stable. They are hunted and trapped for their fur. Foxes are elusive and are not often seen by people, but they are known to be fierce predators and are skilled hunters. Foxes are an important part of the ecosystem, helping to control rodent populations.
Bobcat
The Bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a small wildcat species native to North America, including Montana. Bobcats are known for their short "bobbed" tail and their distinctive ear tufts. They have a reddish-brown to grayish-brown fur with black spots and are relatively small, weighing between 18-35 pounds.
Bobcats are found in a variety of habitats in Montana, including forests, woodlands, and deserts. They are primarily nocturnal animals and are most active at night. Bobcats are carnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of small mammals such as rabbits, rodents, and also birds.
Bobcats are not considered a threatened or endangered species in Montana, and their population is considered stable. They are hunted and trapped for their fur. Bobcats are elusive and are not often seen by people, but they are known to be fierce predators and are skilled hunters.
It is important to remember that Bobcats are wild animals, and should not be approached or fed. Observing them from a safe distance is best, and it is illegal to trap or hunt them without a proper license from Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks.
Salmon
Salmon is a common name for a variety of species of fish that are found in North America, including Montana. However, unlike trout, salmon is not native to Montana, as they are typically found in the Pacific Ocean and migrate to freshwater rivers and streams to spawn. Some of the species of salmon that are introduced to Montana include:
Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): also known as King Salmon, Chinook salmon are the largest species of Pacific salmon and are known for their high-quality meat. They are introduced to Montana through hatchery programs and some of the popular fishing spots for Chinooks are the Kootenai River, the Bitterroot River, and the Clark Fork River.
Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): also known as Silver Salmon, Coho salmon are known for their bright silver color and are smaller than Chinooks. They are introduced to Montana through hatchery programs and some of the popular fishing spots for Coho are the Kootenai River, the Bitterroot River, and the Clark Fork River.
Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) : also known as Red Salmon, Sockeye salmon are known for their bright red color and are smaller than Chinooks. They are introduced to Montana through hatchery programs and some of the popular fishing spots for Sockeye are the Kootenai River, the Bitterroot River, and the Clark Fork River.
All of these salmon species are managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and fishing regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of salmon is maintained. These regulations include fishing season, limits, and gear restrictions.
Raccoon
The Common Raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a species of mammal that is native to North America, including Montana. Raccoons are known for their distinctive black and white facial mask and their ringed tail. They are also known for their intelligence and opportunistic feeding habits.
Raccoons are found in a variety of habitats in Montana, including forests, woodlands, and urban areas. They are primarily nocturnal animals and are most active at night. Raccoons are omnivorous animals and eat a variety of foods, including fruits, berries, insects, fish, and small mammals.
Raccoons are not considered a threatened or endangered species in Montana, and their population is considered stable. They are however, hunted and trapped for their meat and fur. Raccoons can also cause damage to gardens and can cause problems in urban areas as they can be carriers of diseases such as rabies and Leptospirosis.
Raccoons are an interesting animal to observe in the wild, but it is important to remember that they can be dangerous and it is illegal to keep them as pets in Montana without a proper license. They should be observed from a safe distance and it is best not to feed them as they can become habituated to human presence.
Badger
The Badger is a small mammal that belongs to the Mustelidae family, native to North America, including Montana. The most common species of badger found in Montana is the American Badger (Taxidea taxus).
American Badgers are known for their distinctive white and black fur, with a white face and black-striped head. They have a stocky body, short legs, and a broad head. They are found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, deserts and prairies. They are carnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of small mammals such as ground squirrels, groundhogs, and also reptiles, insects and carrion.
Badgers are not considered a threatened or endangered species in Montana, and their population is considered stable. They are hunted and trapped for their fur. Badgers are elusive and are not often seen by people, but they are known to be fierce predators and are skilled hunters. They have strong front claws and are able to dig burrows and dens quickly.
Porcupine
The North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) is a species of rodent that is native to North America, including Montana. Porcupines are known for their sharp quills that cover their body, which they use as a defense mechanism. They are also known for their slow movement and for feeding on tree bark.
Porcupines are found in a variety of habitats in Montana, including forests, woodlands, and mountainous areas. They are most active at night and spend most of the day resting in trees. Porcupines are herbivorous animals and eat a variety of plants, including tree bark, leaves, twigs, and fruits.
Porcupines are not considered a threatened or endangered species in Montana, and their population is considered stable. They are however, hunted and trapped for their meat, quills, and fur. Porcupines also cause damage to trees and may damage buildings, fences and other structures they climb on.
They are a unique animal and can be fun to observe in the wild, but it is important to remember that their quills can be dangerous to humans and pets. They should be observed from a safe distance.
Bass
Bass is a common name used to refer to a variety of species of freshwater fish that are found in North America, including Montana. Some of the species of bass that are native to Montana include:
Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu): a species of bass that is native to the eastern United States, including Montana. They are known for their small mouth and brown color, and are a popular game fish. Smallmouth bass can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, and lakes.
Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides): a species of bass that is native to the eastern United States, including Montana. They are known for their large mouth and green color, and are a popular game fish. Largemouth bass can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, and lakes.
Spotted Bass (Micropterus punctulatus): a species of bass that is native to the eastern United States, including Montana. They are known for their spots and green color, and are a popular game fish. Spotted bass can be found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, streams, and lakes.
All of these bass species are managed by the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, and fishing regulations are set to ensure a healthy population of bass is maintained. These regulations include fishing season, limits, and gear restrictions. Bass are also an important part of the ecosystem, providing food for many animals such as bears, eagles, and otters. Additionally, bass fishing is an important part of Montana's economy, many people visit the state to fish for bass.
Grouse
Grouse are a type of game bird that are native to North America and can be found in many different regions of the United States, including Montana. There are several different species of grouse that are found in Montana, including the Ruffed Grouse, Sharp-tailed Grouse, and Sage Grouse.
The Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) is a medium-sized bird that is known for its distinctive ruffed neck feathers and its drumming display during breeding season. They can be found in a variety of habitats, including dense forests, woodlands, and even suburban areas. They are known to feed on a variety of foods, including leaves, berries, and tree buds.
The Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) is a medium-sized bird that is known for its distinctive sharp-tailed feathers and its lek displays during breeding season. They can be found in sagebrush steppe habitats and grasslands. They feed on a variety of foods, including leaves, berries, and insects.
The Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a large bird that is known for its distinctive plumage and its lek displays during breeding season. They can be found in sagebrush steppe habitats. They feed on a variety of foods, including leaves, berries, and insects.
All of these Grouses are hunted for sport, and hunting season usually begins in September and ends in December. The grouse hunting season has been quite successful in recent years, and the population of Grouses has been stable across
Turkey
The Wild Turkey is a well-known and iconic species of bird that is found throughout the state of Montana, particularly in the eastern and southern regions. These birds can be found in a variety of habitats, including dense forests, open woodlands, and grasslands.
In Montana, wild turkeys are known for their distinctive plumage, which includes iridescent feathers on the body, a red, fleshy protuberance on the head called a "snood," and a long, fan-like tail. Male turkeys, or toms, are particularly striking, with their bright red head and blue-green plumage. Wild turkeys are also known for their distinctive gobbling call, which is often used by male turkeys to attract mates during breeding season.
Wild turkeys are opportunistic feeders, and they will eat a wide variety of foods, including seeds, fruits, insects, and even small animals. They are also strong fliers and can reach speeds of up to 55 miles per hour.
In Montana, wild turkeys are typically hunted for sport, and hunting season usually begins in late April and ends in late May. The turkey hunting season has been quite successful in recent years, and the population of wild turkeys has been increasing across the state.
Despite the hunting, wild turkeys continue to thrive in Montana and can be seen in many parts of the state, from the prairies to the foothills and even in the mountainous regions. They are a popular game bird and a symbol of the wild spirit of the state.
Great Horned Owl
The Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) is a large, powerful bird of prey that is native to North and South America. They are known for their distinctive "horns" or "ear tufts," which are actually tufts of feathers located on the top of the head. They have a large, round head, and yellow eyes. Their plumage is generally mottled brown, with white on the throat and belly.
In Montana, Great Horned Owls can be found throughout the state, in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and grasslands. They are known for being highly adaptable and can be found in both rural and urban areas. They are also able to live in a wide range of temperatures, from the coldest Arctic tundra to the hottest deserts.
Great Horned Owls are apex predators, and they are known to prey on a wide variety of animals, including rodents, rabbits, skunks, and even other birds of prey. They are also known for their distinctive hooting call, which can be heard at night, particularly during breeding season.
Skunk
The Skunk is a small mammal that belongs to the Mustelidae family, native to North America, including Montana. There are several species of skunks found in Montana, including the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and the Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius).
Striped Skunks are known for their black and white fur, with a white stripe running down their back, and a bushy tail. They are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and grasslands. They are omnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of small mammals such as rodents, insects, fruits, and berries.
Spotted Skunks are smaller in size, with a more distinct pattern of black and white fur, with spots on their back and sides. They are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, woodlands, and deserts. They are omnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of small mammals such as rodents, insects, fruits, and berries.
Both species of skunks are not considered a threatened or endangered species in Montana, and their population is considered stable. They are hunted and trapped for their fur. Skunks are known for their ability to spray a strong-smelling liquid as a defense mechanism, and this is one of the reasons why they are not often hunted or trapped.
Snowy Owl
The Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) is a large, striking bird that is native to the Arctic tundra regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. They are known for their distinctive white plumage, which helps them blend in with the snowy landscapes of their home range. They have yellow eyes and a large round head without ear tufts.
In Montana, Snowy Owls are considered a rare and irregular visitor, and they are typically only seen in the state during the winter months, when they migrate south in search of food. They are often found in open country such as grasslands, prairies, and airports, where they hunt small mammals such as lemmings and voles. They are also known to take small birds and even fish.
Snowy Owls are strong fliers and are capable of flying long distances, they are also known to be highly adaptable, able to survive in a variety of different habitats.
Due to their elusive nature, Snowy Owls are not commonly seen in Montana, but when they are spotted, they are a real treat for birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts. They are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and their populations are considered stable, but as a bird of conservation concern, there is a monitoring of their population by wildlife agencies.
Western Rattlesnake
The Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus), also known as the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, is a venomous snake that is native to the western parts of North America, including Montana. They are known for the characteristic rattle on the end of their tail, which they use to warn potential predators of their presence. They have a thick body, and a wide range of color patterns, from yellow-green, gray, brown or black.
In Montana, Western Rattlesnakes can be found in a variety of habitats, including rocky outcroppings, sagebrush flats, and pine forests. They are typically found in the western and southern parts of the state, but they can also be found in the eastern part of the state as well.
Western Rattlesnakes are primarily active during the daytime, and they are known to be opportunistic predators, preying on small mammals such as mice, voles, and ground squirrels, as well as lizards and birds. They are also known to be ambush predators, using their camouflage to blend in with their surroundings, waiting for unsuspecting prey to come near.
Western Rattlesnakes are venomous, and a bite can be dangerous, although fatalities are rare. They are protected under state law, and it is illegal to harm or kill them.
Great Basin Gophersnake
The Great Basin Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) is a non-venomous snake that is native to the western United States, including the state of Montana. They are known for their large size and distinctive coloration, which can vary from gray to yellowish-brown, with dark brown or black blotches. They can grow up to 6 feet in length.
In Montana, Great Basin Gophersnakes can be found in a variety of habitats, including sagebrush flats, rocky outcroppings, and pine forests. They are typically found in the western and southern parts of the state, but they can also be found in the eastern part of the state as well.
Great Basin Gophersnakes are primarily active during the daytime, and they are known to be opportunistic predators, preying on small mammals such as mice, voles, and ground squirrels, as well as lizards and birds. They are also known to be great burrowers and can be found in the underground burrows of their prey.
Great Basin Gophersnakes are non-venomous, and they are not considered a threat to humans. They are protected under state law, and it is illegal to harm or kill them. They also play a role in controlling rodent populations and are an important part of the ecosystem. These snakes have a docile temperament and are often mistaken for the venomous Prairie Rattlesnake, but they can be distinguished by their lack of a rattle on the end of the tail.
Coyote
The coyote (Canis latrans) is a species of mammal native to North America, including Montana. They are members of the Canidae family, which also includes wolves and domestic dogs. Coyotes are known for their adaptability and can be found in a variety of habitats, including deserts, forests, grasslands, and even urban areas.
Coyotes are typically grayish-brown in color, with a bushy tail, pointed ears, and a narrow snout. They are smaller than wolves and have a more slender build. They are omnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of small mammals such as rodents, rabbits, and hares, as well as fruits, berries, and insects. They will also opportunistically eat carrion, and in some areas, they prey on domestic animals such as sheep and cattle.
Coyotes are not considered a threatened or endangered species in Montana, and their population is considered stable. They are hunted and trapped for their fur and also to control their population in certain areas, as they can be a threat to livestock and wildlife. They are also known to prey on domestic pets, especially cats and small dogs.
Lynx
The Lynx is a medium-sized wild cat native to North America, including Montana. The most common species of Lynx found in Montana is the Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis).
The Canada Lynx is known for its distinctive short, stubby tail, large ears with black tufts of hair on the tips, and large paws with thick fur. They have a thick, soft, grayish-brown coat, with black spots and a white underbelly. They are found in a variety of habitats, including coniferous forests, especially those with deep snow. They are carnivorous animals, and their diet mainly consists of Snowshoe hares which make up 80-90% of their diet.
Lynx populations in Montana are considered threatened, and are currently listed as a state species of special concern. The Canada Lynx is listed as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the contiguous U.S. The main threats to their survival include habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation, as well as trapping and hunting.
Eagles
Eagles are a group of large birds of prey native to North America, including Montana. The most common species of eagles found in Montana are the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).
The Bald Eagle is a national symbol of the United States, and it is known for its distinctive white head and tail, as well as its large, hooked beak and powerful talons. They are found near large bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes, and they feed mainly on fish and waterfowl. They were once endangered but their population has recovered, they were removed from the list of threatened and endangered species in 2007.
The Golden Eagle is another large bird of prey found in Montana, known for its dark brown plumage, with a golden sheen on the back of its head and neck. They are found in a variety of habitats, including mountains, prairies, and deserts, and they feed mainly on small mammals such as prairie dogs, ground squirrels, and rabbits.
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